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What is DNS, and why is my site not working?

Straight answer

DNS is the internet's address book: it turns your domain into the server address it points to. If your site is not working after you connected a domain, DNS is the usual cause, either a record is wrong, or the change has not finished spreading worldwide yet, which can take up to 24 hours.

Information current as at 5 July 2026

DNS is probably the most quietly frustrating part of getting a site live, because it fails in a way that looks like nothing is happening. Understanding what it does, and why it is slow, turns a mysterious dead page into a five-minute fix or a patient wait.

Plain English
DNS
The system that translates a domain name into the numeric address of its server.
Nameserver
The authoritative source that holds your domain's DNS records.
Propagation
The delay while a DNS change spreads across the world's servers.
Cache
A saved copy of an old answer that can make a fixed site still look broken to you.

What DNS is doing

Every server on the internet has a numeric address. People cannot remember numbers, so DNS exists as a giant, distributed address book: you give it a domain, it returns the number, and your browser connects. When you buy a domain and point it at a host, you are writing a new entry in that address book. The reason a working host and a bought domain can still show a dead page is that the address book has not been updated everywhere yet, or the entry you wrote has a mistake in it. DNS is not the site; it is the directions to the site.

Why new sites often will not load at first

When you change DNS, the update does not appear everywhere at once. It spreads server by server across the world, a process called propagation, and different networks refresh at different speeds. Your office might see the new site in ten minutes while a customer across the country still sees nothing for hours. This is normal and unavoidable. The trap is impatience: people assume it failed, change the records, and reset the clock, which makes the wait longer. The correct move is to enter the records once, correctly, and give it up to a day before concluding anything is actually wrong.

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The short list of what actually goes wrong

Beyond propagation, DNS problems come from a small, predictable set. A typo in a record, so it points nowhere. The wrong record type, such as a CNAME where the host wanted an A record. Duplicate records fighting each other, where an old placeholder was never removed. Editing the DNS at the registrar while the domain's nameservers actually point somewhere else, so your changes land in a panel nobody reads. And caching, where your own device stubbornly shows the old answer. Nine times in ten, the fix is to make the records match the host's instructions exactly and delete anything that conflicts.

How to tell propagation from a real error

Here is the practical test. Check your site on a device on a completely different network, such as your phone on mobile data, and ideally after an hour or two. If it loads there but not on your home machine, it is propagation and caching, and you just need to wait or clear your cache. If it loads nowhere after a full day, it is a real error in the records, and you go back and check them against what the host asked for. Separating "still spreading" from "actually wrong" is the whole skill, and it saves a lot of needless fiddling.

Common questions

Questions, answered

How long does DNS take to work?
Usually minutes to a couple of hours, sometimes up to 24. It varies because the change spreads network by network at different speeds. If it works on one device or network and not another, that is propagation in progress, not a fault.
My site loads on my phone but not my laptop, why?
Almost always caching: your laptop or home network saved the old answer and is still serving it. Try a private browser window, clear your cache, or wait it out. The fact it loads anywhere means DNS is working and just needs to reach your machine.
What is a nameserver and do I need to touch it?
Nameservers are the authoritative holders of your DNS records. Usually you leave them at your registrar and just edit records. You only change them if you are moving DNS management to another service like Cloudflare, in which case follow that service's exact instructions.
Can a DNS mistake break my email too?
Yes. Email relies on its own DNS records (MX records). If you edit DNS carelessly and remove or overwrite them, mail can stop arriving. When changing records, only touch the ones your host asked for and leave any mail records alone unless you know what they do.
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Show us what you built.

If you have made something and it needs to become real, send it over. We will tell you honestly what it needs to be live, safe and yours, whether that is a quick fix you can do or a proper build. No obligation.

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